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   15.03.2025 в 20:53

   Corticosteroid Adverse Effects

   The use of corticosteroids is associated with a wide range
   of adverse effects, which can occur due to their potent glucocorticoid activity.

   The following are key points to consider:

   Adrenal Suppression

   Long-term or high-dose corticosteroid therapy may suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to reduced production of endogenous cortisol.
   This can result in:

   Cortisol deficiency (e.g., adrenal insufficiency)

   Adrenal atrophy

   Thromboembolism and Vascular Disruption

   Corticosteroids can contribute to hypercoagulation, increasing the risk of:

   Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

   Pulmonary embolism

   Atherosclerosis

   Metabolic Disturbances

   Changes in metabolism include:

   Lipodystrophy

   Fatty liver

   Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance

   Musculoskeletal Effects

   Corticosteroids can lead to:

   Osteoporosis (due to reduced bone density)

   Amygdala enlargement

   Proximal muscle weakness

   Dermatological Adverse Effects

   The skin may experience:

   Acneiform eruptions

   Facial discoloration

   Hypertrichosis (excess hair growth)

   Others

   Additional potential effects include:

   Immunosuppression

   Eye changes (e.g., posterior subcapsular cataracts)

   Neuropathy

   Key Considerations

   Risk factors for corticosteroid adverse effects include:

   High doses or prolonged therapy

   Individual susceptibility

   Concurrent use of other medications (e.g., warfarin, NSAIDs)

   It is essential to weigh the benefits and risks of corticosteroid therapy
   and consider alternative treatments when possible.

   Introduction

   Corticosteroids are a class of drugs commonly used in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions,
   immune disorders, and other medical conditions. While these medications can be highly effective, they are also associated with a spectrum of potential adverse effects.

   Understanding these effects is critical for healthcare providers to safely and effectively manage
   patient care.

   Account

   Corticosteroids are derived from cholesterol and function as potent anti-inflammatory
   agents through their ability to suppress the immune response and modulate the activity of cells involved in inflammation. Their widespread use necessitates a thorough understanding of both their therapeutic benefits and potential
   side effects.

   Bookshelf

   The NCBI Bookshelf StatPearls provides a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals to access information on drug dosing, indications, adverse
   effects, and other clinical considerations. This tool is an invaluable resource for staying
   updated on the latest guidelines and evidence-based practices in therapeutics.

   StatPearls

   The NCBI Bookshelf StatPearls platform is a widely used clinical decision-making tool that offers detailed
   information on various drugs, including corticosteroids.
   It allows users to quickly access key details
   such as indications, dosage guidelines, adverse effects,
   and patient monitoring strategies.

   Corticosteroid Adverse Effects

   Adverse effects associated with corticosteroid use can range from mild to
   severe and include a variety of clinical presentations.
   Common side effects include:
   — Glucocorticoid Resistance: A rare condition where the body’s cells become unresponsive to the therapeutic effects of corticosteroids, often leading
   to treatment failure.
   — Adrenal Suppression: Long-term use can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, potentially causing Addisonian crisis in susceptible individuals.

   — Thromboembolic Events: An increased risk of blood clots, which can lead to serious complications such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary
   embolism.
   — Moon Face Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by a distortion of facial features due
   to the redistribution of fat in the face.

   Authors

   The authors of this article are healthcare professionals with expertise in pharmacology, internal medicine, and clinical
   practice. Their contributions ensure that the
   information presented is evidence-based, accurate, and relevant to clinical practice.

   Affiliations

   The affiliations of the authors reflect their institutional roles
   and areas of research expertise. This information provides readers with context about the qualifications and experience
   of those contributing to the article.

   Continuing Education Activity

   This activity serves as a continuing education opportunity for healthcare professionals to enhance their knowledge and skills in the
   use of corticosteroids and the management of associated adverse effects.

   Indications

   Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of a wide
   range of conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),
   autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, and
   allergic disorders like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

   Their efficacy in these conditions makes them a cornerstone in modern therapeutic medicine.

   Mechanism of Action

   Corticosteroids exert their therapeutic effects by binding to
   glucocorticoid receptors located on the surface of target
   cells. This interaction leads to the suppression of pro-inflammatory genes, thereby reducing
   the severity of inflammatory reactions and immune responses.

   Administration

   Corticosteroids are typically administered orally or via
   inhalation, depending on the specific indication. Intravenous and intramuscular routes are
   also used in certain cases. Proper dosing and route selection are critical to achieving therapeutic benefits
   while minimizing adverse effects.

   Adverse Effects

   The risk of corticosteroid-related adverse effects is dose-dependent and increases with the
   duration of treatment. Monitoring for common and serious side effects is essential.

   Contraindications

   Corticosteroids are contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug, active or inactive tuberculosis (due to the risk
   of reactivation), and certain genetic conditions that predispose
   to adrenal insufficiency.

   Monitoring

   Close monitoring of patients receiving corticosteroid therapy is necessary to assess therapeutic response and detect adverse effects early.
   Regular laboratory tests, including serum cortisol levels and blood counts,
   can help guide adjustments in treatment.

   Toxicity

   Corticosteroid toxicity refers to the harmful effects that occur when the body is exposed to excessive or prolonged
   levels of these hormones. This toxicity can manifest as a variety of clinical symptoms,
   including muscle wasting, bone demineralization, and the development
   of Cushings syndrome.

   Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes

   Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare
   team members are essential for optimizing patient outcomes
   in the context of corticosteroid therapy. Regularly reviewing treatment
   plans and monitoring for adverse effects can help ensure that patients receive safe, effective
   care.

   Review Questions

   To test your understanding of this article, consider answering the following questions:

   1. Which condition is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events in corticosteroid users?

   a) Glucocorticoid resistance
   b) Adrenal suppression
   c) Thromboembolic events
   d) Moon face syndrome

   2. What is the primary mechanism of action for corticosteroids in inflammatory
   conditions?
   a) Inhibiting cytokine production
   b) Blocking transcription factors involved in inflammation
   c) Suppressing immune responses
   d) Allowing cells to heal more quickly

   3. Which route of administration is commonly used for
   corticosteroid therapy?
   a) Intravenous
   b) Subcutaneous
   c) Oral
   d) Inhaled

   References

   The information in this article is based on the NCBI Bookshelf StatPearls resource.
   For further reading and detailed guidelines, please
   refer to the following reference:
   — NCBI Bookshelf — StatPearls Internet. U.S.
   National Library of Medicine.

   Views

   The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do
   not necessarily represent the views or policies of the institutions or organizations
   with which they are affiliated.

   In This Page

   — Account: Overview of corticosteroid pharmacology and clinical
   use.
   — Bookshelf: Access to detailed drug information via NCBI StatPearls.

   — StatPearls: A clinical decision-making tool for healthcare providers.

   Bulk Download

   For bulk downloads or further access to the content,
   please refer to the related information section below.

   Related Information

   — Similar articles in PubMed: Search for «Corticosteroid Adverse Effects» to
   find related articles and research studies.
   — Recent Activity: Stay updated with the latest
   advancements in corticosteroid research and clinical practice.